Aegeus \ae-geus\ as a boy's name is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Aegeus is "protection". The name refers to "aigis", a shield made of goat-skin that was the sign of Zeus, and also occurs as Egidio and Giles. Greek mythology: King Aegeus was the father of Theseus, who killed the Cretan monster, the Minotaur. When Aegeus mistakenly thought Theseus had been killed on his quest, he threw himself into the sea near Athens, which is now known as the Aegean.